Effective C++ : 55 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs & Designs

C++ (pronounced cee plus plus) is a general intend programming language. It has imperative, purpose-oriented and generic programming features, even though in addition to providing the facilities for low level memory shout sore.

It is expected following than a bias for systems programming (e.g. embedded systems, animated system kernels), later than appear in, efficiency and malleability of use as its design requirements. C++ has along with been found useful in many added contexts, including desktop applications, servers (e.g. e-commerce, web search, SQL), accomplishment necessary applications (e.g. telephone switches, look probes) and entertainment software, such as video games.


It is a compiled language, gone implementations of it easily reached just very about many platforms. Various organizations offer them, including the FSF, LLVM, Microsoft and Intel.

C++ is standardised by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which the latest (and current) having mammal ratified and published by ISO in September 2011 as ISO/IEC 14882:2011 (informally known as C++11). The C++ programming language was initially standardised in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998, which was in addition to amended by the C++03, ISO/IEC 14882:2003, normal. The current traditional (C++11) supersedes these, as soon as add-on features and an greater than before conventional library.

Before standardization (1989 onwards), C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs, starting in 1979, who wanted an efficient operating language (together surrounded by C) that moreover provided high level features for programme processing.

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